New York University 1831 Charter


The Charter of New York University -   Act Incorporating the University of the City of New York, Passed April 18, 1831, New York: Wm. Mercein, Printer, 240 Pearl Street, corner of Burling slipAn Act.  The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assembly: Do Enact as follows:

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§ I. The subscribers and shareholders of The University of New-York," are hereby incorporated for the purpose of promoting Literature and Science:  The corporation shall be known by the name of "The University of the City of New York," and by that name shall have perpetual succession; power to sue and be sued; to make and use a common seal, and alter the same at pleasure; to hold property, real and personal; to contract and be contracted with; and to buy and sell, and otherwise dispose of lands and chattels: But the university shall not own real estate, at one time, yielding an annual income exceeding Twenty Thousand Dollars.

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§ II. The government and estate of the university shall be conducted and managed by a Council, composed of thirty-two shareholders, and the Mayor and four members of the Common Council of the City of New-York, for the time being. The location of the university shall be in the City of New-York.

§  III. The members of the council (except the Mayor) shall be elected by the shareholders: No one religious sect shall ever have a majority of the board: The council may fill its own vacancies occurring previous to an annual election.

§ IV. One-fourth of the members elected by the shareholders, shall go out of office annually, when an election shall be held by the shareholders, to supply their places, and all other vacancies occurring the preceding year. Members going out of office, shall be re-eligible. In case the shareholders shall neglect to make such annual election, the council may supply all vacancies remaining in the board; and the persons so appointed, shall hold their offices as if chosen by the shareholders.

§ V. Shareholders to the amount of One Hundred Dollars in votes, their own right, or as proxy for other shareholders, shall be entitled to one vote for each one hundred dollars so held by them.

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§ VI. The university may continue to receive subscriptions to its funds, and future subscribers shall have all the rights and privileges of those subscribing previous to this act of incorporation.

§ VII. Eleven members shall be a quorum for the transaction of business; but no real estate shall be conveyed, nor appointments to office made, (except to supply vacancies in the council) other than by an affirmative vote of seventeen members.

§ VIII. Persons of every religious denomination shall be equally eligible to all offices and appointments.

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§ IX. The University may grant to students under its charge, diplomas or honorary testimonials, in such form as it may designate. It may also confer such literary honors, degrees and diplomas, as are usually granted by any university, college or seminary of learning in the United States.

§ X. Diplomas granted by the University, shall entitle the possessors to the immunities and privileges allowed by usage or statute, to the possessors of like diplomas from any college or seminary of learning in the State.

§ XI. No diploma shall be conferred by the University, but in conformity with the Laws of the State in force at the time of conferring the same.

§ XII. This University shall be subject to the visitation of the Regents of the University of this State, in the same manner, and to the same extent as the various colleges in this State.

§ XIII. The council shall have power to appoint its own officers, and all the officers of the university; to establish ordinances and by-laws, not contravening the Laws or Constitution of this State or of the United States; and to expel any of its members for a violation thereof.

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§ XIV. The members of the council of the university, elected by the shareholders at the last annual election, namely, Jonathan M. Wainwright, James M. Mathews, Spencer H. Cone, James Milnor, Samuel H. Cox, Jacob Brodhead, Cyrus Mason, Archibald Maclay, Morgan Lewis, Albert Gallatin, Samuel R. Betts, James Tallmadge, Henry I. Wyckoff, George Griswold, Myndert Van Schaick, Stephen Whitney, John Haggerty, Martin E. Thompson, James Lenox, Benjamin L. Swan, John S. Crary, Samuel Ward Junior, William Cooper, Fanning C .Tucker, Oliver M. Lownds, Valentine Mott, Edward Delafield, William W. Woolsey, Charles G. Troup, Gabriel P. Disossway, Charles Starr, and John Delafield, with William Seaman, Gideon Lee, Benjamin M. Brown and Thomas Jeremiah, members of the Common Council of the City of New-York, together with the Mayor of the said City, shall compose the first council under this incorporation. They shall allot themselves into four equal classes, one of which shall go out of office at each succeeding annual election.

§ XV. The legislature may at any time alter, repeal or modify this act.
State of New York, Secretary's Office} I certify the preceding to be a true copy of an original Act of the Legislature, approved by the Governor, and on file in this office.

Archid. Campbell, Deputy Secretary

Albany, April 21st, 1831


The Congressional Evolution of the United States of America 


Continental Congress of the United Colonies Presidents 
Sept. 5, 1774 to July 1, 1776


September 5, 1774
October 22, 1774
October 22, 1774
October 26, 1774
May 20, 1775
May 24, 1775
May 25, 1775
July 1, 1776

Commander-in-Chief United Colonies & States of America

George Washington: June 15, 1775 - December 23, 1783



Continental Congress of the United States Presidents 
July 2, 1776 to February 28, 1781

July 2, 1776
October 29, 1777
November 1, 1777
December 9, 1778
December 10, 1778
September 28, 1779
September 29, 1779
February 28, 1781



Presidents of the United States in Congress Assembled
March 1, 1781 to March 3, 1789

March 1, 1781
July 6, 1781
July 10, 1781
Declined Office
July 10, 1781
November 4, 1781
November 5, 1781
November 3, 1782
November 4, 1782
November 2, 1783
November 3, 1783
June 3, 1784
November 30, 1784
November 22, 1785
November 23, 1785
June 5, 1786
June 6, 1786
February 1, 1787
February 2, 1787
January 21, 1788
January 22, 1788
January 21, 1789


Presidents of the United States of America

D-Democratic Party, F-Federalist Party, I-Independent, R-Republican Party, R* Republican Party of Jefferson & W-Whig Party 


(1789-1797)
(1933-1945)
(1865-1869)
(1797-1801)
(1945-1953)
(1869-1877)
(1801-1809)
(1953-1961)
 (1877-1881)
(1809-1817)
(1961-1963)
 (1881 - 1881)
(1817-1825)
(1963-1969)
(1881-1885)
(1825-1829)
(1969-1974)
(1885-1889)
(1829-1837)
(1973-1974)
(1889-1893)
(1837-1841)
(1977-1981)
(1893-1897)
(1841-1841)
(1981-1989)
(1897-1901)
(1841-1845)
(1989-1993)
(1901-1909)
(1845-1849)
(1993-2001)
(1909-1913)
(1849-1850)
(2001-2009)
(1913-1921)
(1850-1853)
(2009-2017)
(1921-1923)
(1853-1857)
(20017-Present)
(1923-1929)
*Confederate States  of America
(1857-1861)
(1929-1933)
(1861-1865)

Chart Comparing Presidential Powers Click Here

United Colonies and States First Ladies
1774-1788


United Colonies Continental Congress
President
18th Century Term
Age
09/05/74 – 10/22/74
29
Mary Williams Middleton (1741- 1761) Deceased
Henry Middleton
10/22–26/74
n/a
05/20/ 75 - 05/24/75
30
05/25/75 – 07/01/76
28
United States Continental Congress
President
Term
Age
07/02/76 – 10/29/77
29
Eleanor Ball Laurens (1731- 1770) Deceased
Henry Laurens
11/01/77 – 12/09/78
n/a
Sarah Livingston Jay (1756-1802)
12/ 10/78 – 09/28/78
21
Martha Huntington (1738/39–1794)
09/29/79 – 02/28/81
41
United States in Congress Assembled
President
Term
Age
Martha Huntington (1738/39–1794)
03/01/81 – 07/06/81
42
07/10/81 – 11/04/81
25
Jane Contee Hanson (1726-1812)
11/05/81 - 11/03/82
55
11/03/82 - 11/02/83
46
Sarah Morris Mifflin (1747-1790)
11/03/83 - 11/02/84
36
11/20/84 - 11/19/85
46
11/23/85 – 06/06/86
38
Rebecca Call Gorham (1744-1812)
06/06/86 - 02/01/87
42
02/02/87 - 01/21/88
43
01/22/88 - 01/29/89
36

Constitution of 1787
First Ladies
President
Term
Age
April 30, 1789 – March 4, 1797
57
March 4, 1797 – March 4, 1801
52
Martha Wayles Jefferson Deceased
September 6, 1782  (Aged 33)
n/a
March 4, 1809 – March 4, 1817
40
March 4, 1817 – March 4, 1825
48
March 4, 1825 – March 4, 1829
50
December 22, 1828 (aged 61)
n/a
February 5, 1819 (aged 35)
n/a
March 4, 1841 – April 4, 1841
65
April 4, 1841 – September 10, 1842
50
June 26, 1844 – March 4, 1845
23
March 4, 1845 – March 4, 1849
41
March 4, 1849 – July 9, 1850
60
July 9, 1850 – March 4, 1853
52
March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1857
46
n/a
n/a
March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865
42
February 22, 1862 – May 10, 1865
April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869
54
March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1877
43
March 4, 1877 – March 4, 1881
45
March 4, 1881 – September 19, 1881
48
January 12, 1880 (Aged 43)
n/a
June 2, 1886 – March 4, 1889
21
March 4, 1889 – October 25, 1892
56
June 2, 1886 – March 4, 1889
28
March 4, 1897 – September 14, 1901
49
September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1909
40
March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913
47
March 4, 1913 – August 6, 1914
52
December 18, 1915 – March 4, 1921
43
March 4, 1921 – August 2, 1923
60
August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1929
44
March 4, 1929 – March 4, 1933
54
March 4, 1933 – April 12, 1945
48
April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1953
60
January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961
56
January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963
31
November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1969
50
January 20, 1969 – August 9, 1974
56
August 9, 1974 – January 20, 1977
56
January 20, 1977 – January 20, 1981
49
January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989
59
January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993
63
January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001
45
January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009
54
January 20, 2009 to date
45



Capitals of the United Colonies and States of America

Philadelphia
Sept. 5, 1774 to Oct. 24, 1774
Philadelphia
May 10, 1775 to Dec. 12, 1776
Baltimore
Dec. 20, 1776 to Feb. 27, 1777
Philadelphia
March 4, 1777 to Sept. 18, 1777
Lancaster
September 27, 1777
York
Sept. 30, 1777 to June 27, 1778
Philadelphia
July 2, 1778 to June 21, 1783
Princeton
June 30, 1783 to Nov. 4, 1783
Annapolis
Nov. 26, 1783 to Aug. 19, 1784
Trenton
Nov. 1, 1784 to Dec. 24, 1784
New York City
Jan. 11, 1785 to Nov. 13, 1788
New York City
October 6, 1788 to March 3,1789
New York City
March 3,1789 to August 12, 1790
Philadelphia
Dec. 6,1790 to May 14, 1800       
Washington DC
November 17,1800 to Present




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The United Colonies of North America Continental Congress Presidents (1774-1776)
The United States of America Continental Congress Presidents (1776-1781)
The United States of America in Congress Assembled Presidents (1781-1789)
The United States of America Presidents and Commanders-in-Chiefs (1789-Present)

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